Wave-resisting structure



July 8 1924. 1,500,120

w. H.-EvERs WAVE RESISTING STRUCTURE Filed Jan. 5, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet l July 8 1924. 1,500,120

w. H. EvERs WAVE RES I STI NG STRUCTURE Filed Jan. 5, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 8 fia. 6. fa

M4721? [fm2 Patented July 8, 1924.

UNITED STATES 1,500,120 PATENT OFFICE.-

`WILLIAM IL EVEBS, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOB OF ONE-THIRD TO WILLIAM E.

PEASE AND ONE-THIRD TO NOAH H. SULOFF, BOTH. OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

WAVE-RESISTING STRUCTURE Application led January 8, 1922. Serial No. 520,550.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. Evans, a. citizen of the United States, resident of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Wave-Resisting Structures, of which the following is a specification, the principle of the invention being herein explained, and the best mode in which I have contemplated applying that principle so as to distinguish it from other inventions.

This invention relates to wave resistin structures, more particularly to a cribwor construction for partially submerged piers, foundations, walls and the like, designed to effectively withstand the destructive force of storm waves.

An object of the presentinventon is to partiall break up and greatly' decrease the force o impact of storm waves against the main body of the structure. A further object is to brace and reinforce the body of such structures exposed to the waves by means of a cribwork system, preferably consisting of crossed courses of concrete H beams.

In Patent No. 1,340,670, issued May 18, 1920, to W. E. Pease, N. H. Suloif and the applicant, there is disclosed a precast concrete cribbing for retaining walls possessing many practical advantages, such' as lightness, strength, economy of manufacture and erection, the ease with which it can be torn down and set up in a new location, etc., as fully set forth in said patent.

It is an object of the present invention to extend the use of such precast concrete beam cribworks to structures which are subjected to the destructive action of storm waves, by suitably modif-lying the cribwork construction to meet the, -fferent conditions of use while retaining'the various advantageous features thereof, and by employing certain features of said construction to e feet new and highly useful results in such wave resisting structures.

Certain features disclosed in this application are not claimed broadly herein but are claimed in my copending application for improvements in wave resistingstructures, Serial No. 526,549 filed January 3, 1922.

Certain features disclosed and claimed in the present application are embodied in the ing systems, Serial No. 526,548, filed J anua 3, 1922.

n the annexed drawings and following description, I have set forth in details certain means embodying my invention, the disclosed means however, constituting but two of the various mechanical forms in which the principle of the invention may be employed.

In said annexed drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan section of a polygonal cribwork for piers, foundations, water intakes and the like taken on line I--I of Figure 3, the concrete being omitted in the right hand half of the inner polygonal crib work.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary elevation viewed as indicated by line II-II of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a vertical section taken on line III- III of Figure 1.

Figures 4 and 5 are side and end elevations respectively, of the slab closure member used in the inner polygonal wall of the cribwork.

Figure 6 1s a transverse section throu h a pier embodying the invention in a m ified form the section being taken on the line VI-lI of Figure 8.

Figure 7 is a fragmentary side elevation of the pier view as indicated by line VII- VII of Figure 6.

Figure 8 is afragmentary lon itudinal section taken online VIII- VII of Figure 6.

Figure 9 is a plan view of an intcrlocker.

Figure 10 is an elevation of the same.

In Figures 1 to 5 of the annexed drawings I have illustrated a polygonal wave resisting crib structure suitable for piers, foundatlons, water intakes, or other structures subjected to storm waves from various directions. The polygonal wave resisting crib structure comprises an inner polygonal cribwork consistlng of crossed courses of concrete H beams 1 arranged in vertical courses, each of said courses forming one side of the polygon, the beams of each side being crossed adjacent their ends with the ends of the beams of adjacent walls and alternating therewith; an outer polygonal cribwerk consisting of crossed courses of concrete H beams 2, lon er than the beams 1 and arranged paralle with the courses of the inner cribwork with the beams in each wall crossing and alternatin with 'the beams of adjacent walls asin the inner cribwork; and radial courses of concrete H beams 3 positioned between the vertically spaced beams 1 and 2 of the inner and outer cribwork walls at richt angles thereto and at the centers thereo the inner ends of said radially disposed beams extending within the inner cribwork. All of the reinforced concrete H beams are arranged with their webs horizontal. The beams 3 are interlocked with the beams 1 and 2 by means of interlockers 4 having integral upper and lower crossed legs 5 and 6 arranged at rightl angles to each other and adapted to fit Within the opposed channels of the beams at their crossing points. Each of the interlockers 4 has an axial hole 7. Each of the beams 2 have central apertures in the web thereof adapted to be positioned in registry with the axial hole 7 in the interlockers 4. The beams 3 have apertures in the web thereof adjacent their ends which are placed in registry with the holes 7 in the interlockers when the structure is assembled. Tie rods 8 extend from the top to the bottom of the structure through the apertures in the webs of the beams 2 and 3 and through the axial holes 7 in the interlockers 4. The apertures in the webs of the beams 2 and 3 and the holes 7E in the interlockers are somewhat larger than the tie bolt 8 so that concrete can be poured around the bolt to completely embed it. The ends of the bolts are threaded to receive nuts 9 which are screwed down against washer plates 10 resting against the webs of the uppermost and lowermost beams. The ends of the bolts 8, as well as the washer plate 10 and nut 9. are completely embedded in concrete. Since ends of the bolts are entirely within the outer edges of the flanges of the uppermost and lowermost beams it is a simple matter to completely embed the ends of the bolts in concrete to protect them against rustgfhe crossing courses of beams 2 in the outer cribwork are interlocked by means of interlockers 11 which are similar to the interlockers 4, except that the crossed legs thereof are arranged at an angle of 120 instead of at right an les as in the interlockers 4. The walls frmed by the beams 2 are tied together by means of tie bolts 8 passing through the webs of the beams 2 and the interlockers 11 and complete] embedded in concrete as above describe The open spaces in the inner eribwork walls, formed between the central radial beams 3 and the beams of adjacent walls crossing the ends thereof, are closed by relatively thin closure slabs 12 which are positioneda ainst the inner faces of the outer flanges 0% the beams 1 and have rabbeted corners 13 at one end to fit over the ends of the legs of the interlockers 4 and similar but shallower rabbets 14 in the corners of the opposite end to tit over the legs of the interlockers 11. The inner polygonal cribwork is filled with concrete which serves to firmly anchor the inner ends of the radial beams 3 and to rigidly interlock with the beams 1 of the inner cribwork, the inside flan es of the beams 1 being completely embed ed in the concrete mass.

In Figures 6, 7 and 8 is shown a modified form of cribwork wave resisting structure for piers. The platform 15 is supported by parallel longitudinally extending cribworks 16 and 17. Each cribwork comprises longitudinally extending inner and outer courses formed by vertically spaced reinforced concrete H beams 18. Intermediate the beams 18 in the inner and outer courses and at right angles thereto are concrete H beams 19 arranged in vertical courses. The beams 18 and 19 arranged with the Webs thereof horizontal. The crossing beams 18 and 19 are interlocked by means of interlockers 4 and concrete embedded tie bolts 8 in exactl the same way as the beams 2 and 3 in tlie polygonal cribwork above described. Interposed between the spaced beams 18 in the inner courses and intermediate the beams 19 are short concrete H beams 20 arranged with their flanges edge to edge with the flanges of the beams 18 between which they are placed. Short positioner blocks 21 which fit Within the op osed channels of the beams 18 and 20 loc the short beams 20 in place in the Wall. The beams 20 together with the main beams 18 form inner solid walls in each of the two parallel cribwork structures. If desired the space between the inner solid walls may be filled with concrete which will serve to firmly anchor the inner ends of the beams 19.

In the polygonal wave resisting structure above described the polygonal outer wall formed by the beams 2 forms an open cribwork through which the waves must pass before striking the main body of the structure. This results in partially breaking up and materially lessening the impact of the Waves against the inner wall.

In the pier structure shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8 the outer courses of beams 18 together with the outwardly extending beams 19 form a wave combing structures which break up and partially destroy the force of the waves before they strike the inner Walls.

Having fully described my invention what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Pat ent is:

1. A wave resisting structure, comprising a polygonal structure having a solid wall and an open cribwork extending .from the outer face of said wall consisting of crossed courses o f beams rigidly interlocked at their intersectlons and certain of said courses being rigidly interlocked with said wall.

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2. In a Wave resisting structure, the combination with an inner polygonal solid Wall; of an open cribwork consisting of crossed courses of beams surrounding and spaced from said Wall, and means connecting said courses of beams With the solid Wall.

3. In a wave resisting structure, the combination With an inner polygonal solid wall; of an open polygonal cribwork surrounding and spaced from said wall; and intermediate courses of beams extending from said cribwork into said wall.

4. In a Wave resisting structure, the combination with an inner polygonal crib Work of crossed beams; of a similar outer crib- Work; tie beams interlocked with the outer cribwork intermediate the corners thereof and projecting through said inner Wall; and closure members interposed between cross-- ing beams in said inner Wall.

5. In a Wave resisting structure, the combination With asolid cribwork Wall forming a face for a solid concrete mass; of a Wave combing structure comprising an open cribwork of crossed beams extending out from said Wall, the inner ends of certain of said beams extending through said wall and embedded in said concrete mass.

G. In a wave resisting structure, a polygonal cribwork of concrete H beams arranged with the webs thereof horizontal; closure slabs between the beams in each of the cribwork Walls engaging within the outer flanges of said beams and closing the space therebetween; and a body of concrete Within said cribwork in which the inner fianges of said beams are embedded.

7. In a Wave resisting structure, a polygonal cribwork of concrete H beams arranged With the Webs thereof horizontal; and a body of concrete Within the Walls of said cribwork in which the inner flanges of said H beams are embedded.

8. In a wave resisting structure; an inner polygonal eribwork of concrete H beams; an outer polygonal cribwork of concrete H beams having correspondingly arranged courses; radial courses of H beams extending through the Walls of the inner and outer cribworks; and a. body of concrete Within said inner cribwork in which the beams of the inner cribworlr and radial courses are anchored.

9. In a Wave resisting structure; a polygonal column of solid concrete; an outer polygonal cribwork ot crossed and interlocked beams; and radial courses of beams interlocked with the outer eribwork and having their inner ends embedded in said concrete.

10. In a Wave resisting structure, a Wall consisting of vertically spaced concrete H beams arranged with the web thereof horizontal, flat slab closure members arranged between said spaced beams in engagement with the outer fianges thereof, and a solid mass of concrete at the rear of said wall in which the inner flanges of said beams are embedded.

11. A wave resisting structure comprising an inner solid structure, an outer open structure, surrounding and spaced from said inner structurev1 and beams connecting said outer structure with the inner structure.

l2. In a Wave resisting cribwork, an inner solid structure, an outer open structure, said outer open structure surrounding said inner structure and spaced therefrom, beams arranged Substantially radially of the two structures and projecting into the inner structure, and means for interlocking said beams with both said structures.

Signed by mc this 12th day of December, 1921.

WILLIMI H. EVERS. 

